His Highness Shaikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan 

President of the United Arab Emirates

His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 

King of the Kingdom of Bahrain

His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 

Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

His Highness Sayyid Fahd bin Mahmood Al Said

Deputy Prime Minister for Council of Ministers of Sultanate of Oman

His Excellency Shaikh Salem Abdullah Al Jaber Al Sabah 

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Representative of His Highness the Amir of the State of Kuwait

His Excellency Mr Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi

Secretary General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), participated in the meeting.

1. The Supreme Council congratulated His Highness Shaikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the Amir of the State of Qatar, on assuming the presidency of the current session of the Supreme Council. The Council appreciated the remarks made in His Highness's opening speech and his keenness to enhance cooperation among the Council's member states in all fields.

2. The Supreme Council expressed its utmost appreciation and gratitude for the sincere and dedicated efforts made by His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said,  the Sultan of Oman, and his esteemed government during the presidency of the 43rd session of the Sultanate of Oman. The Council commended the significant steps and achievements that have been made.

3. The Supreme Council praised the decisions of the "Extraordinary Joint Arab-Islamic Summit to Discuss the Israeli Aggression against the Palestinian People," hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on November 11, 2023, to address the dire situation in Gaza and its serious security and political repercussions. The Council also commended the efforts of the ministerial committee formed by the summit, chaired by His Highness the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with the aim of "formulating an international move to stop the war on Gaza and exerting pressure to achieve a genuine and comprehensive political process for lasting peace, in accordance with the approved international references."

4. The Supreme Council welcomed the outcomes of the 32nd Arab Summit, hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on May 19, 2023.

5. The Supreme Council commended the successful efforts of the State of Qatar, in partnership with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United States of America, in reaching a humanitarian ceasefire agreement to alleviate the tragic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip. The agreement included the release of prisoners and detainees from both sides, allowing for the entry of more humanitarian convoys and relief aid, including fuel designated for humanitarian needs. The Council expressed hope that this ceasefire would contribute to stopping the escalation, the targeting and forced displacement of Palestinian civilians, leading to a complete cessation of the war on the Gaza Strip, lifting the blockade imposed on the region, and alleviating the suffering of the Palestinian people. The Council emphasised the necessity for the international community to assume its responsibility in dealing with this issue without double standards.

6. The Supreme Council welcomed the prominent role of the State of Qatar in the field of mediation, which has led to the release of detainees in both the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America, confirming Qatar's position as a trusted international partner in the field of mediation.

7. The Supreme Council welcomed the presence of His Excellency President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the President of the Republic of Turkey, as a distinguished guest at the 44th session of the Supreme Council, which witnessed discussions on various issues of mutual interest, including the Palestinian cause and the Israeli aggression on Gaza, and the exchange of views to enhance cooperation between both sides within the framework of the strategic dialogue between the GCC and the Republic of Turkey. And it was agreed on the importance of implementing the joint action plan, expanding its scope, and launching the partnership between the two sides towards broader horizons.

8. The Supreme Council expressed its deepest condolences and sympathy to the victims of the earthquake that struck Morocco, as well as the earthquake that hit southern Turkey and northern Syria, causing significant loss of life and infrastructure damage. The Council affirmed the support of the GCC countries for the victims of these earthquakes, recognising the solidarity and official and popular support from the GCC countries towards the affected and afflicted by the earthquake, acknowledging their significant and extensive role in humanitarian and relief efforts.

9. The Supreme Council welcomed the outcomes of the third edition of the Riyadh International Humanitarian Forum, organised by the King Salman Humanitarian Aid And Relief Centre in partnership with the United Nations, aimed at enhancing collective humanitarian work and providing urgent development assistance. The Council also welcomed the "Manama Declaration" issued during the meetings of the Inter-Parliamentary Union hosted by the Kingdom of Bahrain on March 11-15  2023, under the theme "Promoting Peaceful Coexistence and Inclusive Societies: Fighting Intolerance." Additionally, the Council commended the outcomes of the second part of the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5) , hosted by the State of Qatar on March 5-9, 2023 at the level of heads of state and government.

10. The Supreme Council praised the progress achieved by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the field of space exploration. Following the success of the its Mars exploration and lunar exploration projects, the UAE accomplished another milestone with the successful completion of the first long-duration mission for Arab astronauts. This was marked by the return of Emirati astronaut Sultan Al Neyadi to Earth in early September 2023, which stands as a historic achievement for the UAE. The completion of the "Zayed 2 Project," spanning six months aboard the International Space Station, yielded numerous scientific achievements, notably the successful spacewalk by the Emirati astronaut, marking the first-ever Arab spacewalk outside the International Space Station.

11. The Supreme Council acknowledged the progress made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within its space programme for astronauts, space exploration, and the peaceful use of outer space. This includes the planned launch of the Saudi mission to space in May 2023, as well as the development of national talents and capabilities through the exchange and transfer of expertise in this field, the enhancement of research and development activities, and the acceleration of technological advancements related to space. These efforts have resulted in positive contributions to knowledge development, scientific research, and practical applications.

12. The Supreme Council affirmed its support for the decisions of the OPEC+ group aimed at achieving balance in the oil markets, enhancing prosperity for the people of the region and the world, as well as supporting global economic growth.

13. The Supreme Council congratulated the UAE on hosting COP28 and praised the leading role played by the country in addressing climate change, especially with the announcement made by His Highness Shaikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the UAE, during the opening of the Heads of State Summit at COP28 on December 1, 2023. The announcement included the establishment of a $30 billion fund for global climate solutions, designed to bridge the climate finance gap, facilitate affordable access to climate finance, and mobilise and invest $250 billion by 2030. Additionally, the UAE announced a contribution of $100 million to the Loss and Damage Fund.

14. The Supreme Council celebrated the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's victory to embrace Expo 2030, affirming its support for this hosting and considering the success of this global event as an accomplishment for all the countries and peoples of the Council. The Council emphasised the importance of organising major events that promote cultural dialogue, facilitate communication, and solidify the region's position as an international business hub.

15. The Supreme Council expressed its support for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's hosting of the 2034 FIFA World Cup, wishing the Kingdom success in hosting this global sporting event.

16. The Supreme Council congratulated the State of Qatar on the inauguration of the Expo 2023 Doha, which is taking place under the theme "Green Desert, Better Environment," and wished Qatar success in hosting this event to provide innovative solutions to combat desertification, support agriculture, promote environmental awareness, and ensure the sustainability of desert regions.

Vision of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques:

17. The Supreme Council reviewed the report of the General Secretariat regarding the progress made in implementing the vision of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, to enhance GCC joint action, which was approved by the Supreme Council in its thirty-sixth session in December 2015. The Council affirmed the full, accurate, and continuous implementation of the vision of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, including the completion of the components of economic unity and the joint defense and security systems, as well as coordinating positions to enhance the solidarity and stability of the GCC countries, safeguard their interests, avoid regional and international conflicts, meet the aspirations of their citizens, and enhance their regional and international role through unifying political positions and developing strategic partnerships with the international community, regional and international organisations, as well as sisterly and friendly countries.

18. The Supreme Council directed the bodies, councils, ministerial and technical committees, the General Secretariat, and all Council entities to intensify efforts to complete the remaining steps for implementing the vision of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, according to a specific timeline and with careful follow-up. The Council entrusted the General Secretariat with submitting a detailed report on this matter for the next session of the Supreme Council.

Joint GCC Action:

19. The Supreme Council was briefed on the consultations regarding the implementation of the decision of the Supreme Council in its thirty-second session regarding the proposal presented by the late Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud to transition from the cooperation phase to the union phase. The Supreme Council directed the continuation of efforts to transition from the cooperation phase to the union phase and tasked the Ministerial Council and the Chairman of the Specialised Authority with taking the necessary measures for this purpose, and to submit the outcomes to the Supreme Council in its upcoming session.

20. The Supreme Council affirmed its keenness on the strength and coherence of the GCC and the unity among its members, aiming to achieve further coordination, integration, and interconnection in all fields to meet the aspirations of the GCC citizens. The Council emphasised standing as one united front in the face of any threat to any of the GCC countries.

21. The Supreme Council reviewed the developments of joint GCC cooperation and expressed satisfaction with the progress made in achieving integration among the GCC countries. The relevant entities in the member states, the General Secretariat, ministerial and technical committees were instructed to intensify efforts to fulfill the requirements of the Customs Union, complete the establishment of the common GCC market in accordance with previous Council's decisions, and accelerate the achievement of economic unity among the GCC countries.

22. The Supreme Council approved the mandatory Unified Volunteer Work Law, as well as the extension of the Organic Inputs and Products Law.

23. The Supreme Council agreed on the rules for prevention and protection against violence, exploitation, and domestic abuse in the GCC countries, reaffirming what was stated in the Declaration of Human Rights of the GCC countries and in consistency with relevant regional and international conventions and agreements. The Supreme Council also approved the Muscat Document on the rules for the protection of children during the investigation phase as a binding document.

24. The Supreme Council expressed satisfaction with the outcomes of the 17th regular meeting of Their Excellencies and Honourable Presidents of the Legislative Councils (Shura, National Assembly, Council of Representatives, and Parliament) of the GCC countries, held in Qatar (November 2023), and appreciated the efforts exerted by the Councils of the member states in contributing to the enhancement of joint Gulf cooperation.

Environmental Protection, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy:

25. The Supreme Council affirmed the adoption of the fundamental pillars of energy transitions (energy security, economic development, and climate change) by continuing sustainable investments in hydrocarbon resources. This is to maintain the stability of global energy markets while considering technological advancements by adopting the circular carbon economy as an integrated and comprehensive approach to address the challenges associated with greenhouse gas emissions. It also involves managing them using all available technologies and innovations to ensure the effectiveness, coherence, and alignment of these fundamental pillars.

26. The Supreme Council commended the achievements and efforts of member states in the four pillars of the circular carbon economy (reduce, reuse, recycle, and remove). These were encompassed in the Saudi Green Initiative, as well as the nationally determined contributions of the Council's countries, such as renewable energy projects, energy efficiency, clean hydrogen production, carbon capture, utilisation, and storage, and nature-based carbon removal solutions. The Council underlined the promotion of cooperation among member states to implement the circular carbon economy in policies, mechanisms, strategies, plans, and relevant initiatives, including nationally determined contributions.

27. The Supreme Council emphasised enhancing joint efforts to maximize the impact of the Council's countries' initiatives and endeavors in energy transitions and climate change. It also stressed activating cooperation, exchanging experiences, and developing capacities with regional countries under the umbrella of the Middle East Green Initiative.

Military and Joint Security Cooperation:

28. The Supreme Council endorsed the decisions of the Joint Defense Council in its twentieth meeting held on November 21, 2023, emphasising the importance of enhancing joint military cooperation.

29. The Supreme Council was briefed on the progress of various aspects of joint military operations and underscored the achievement of integrated military cooperation among the armed forces of the Council's member states. It also valued the continuation of joint military work through the unified military command, its units, and affiliated centers, as well as the conduct of joint exercises and coordinating meetings for exercises throughout 2023.

30. The Supreme Council approved the decisions of Their Highnesses and Excellencies the Ministers of Interior in their fortieth meeting held on November 8, 2023, stressing the importance of enhancing joint security work.

31. The Supreme Council approved the unified system (law) for combating drugs and psychotropic substances in a guiding capacity. It also expressed gratitude for the efforts made by the relevant agencies in combating drugs, including joint initiatives to monitor emerging criminal phenomena, exploitation of social media and modern technology in drug trafficking operations targeting the Council's countries.

32. The Supreme Council welcomed the efforts of the Committee of Interior Ministers regarding the unified tourist visa and approved the agreed-upon measures in this regard. It authorised the Interior Ministers to take the necessary steps for implementation.

Regional and International Issues:

33. The Supreme Council reaffirmed the commitment of the Council's member states to maintaining stability and security in the region, supporting the prosperity of their peoples, and improving the Council's relations with sisterly and friendly countries, as well as regional and international organisations. This commitment stems from the role of the GCC as a fundamental pillar for protecting regional and international security and peace, and enhancing the Council's role in achieving peace, sustainable development, and serving the noble aspirations of the Arab and Islamic nations.

34. The Supreme Council emphasised the respect for the principles of sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs, based on international charters, norms, and laws. It rejected any threat to any member state and emphasised that the security of the Council's countries is indivisible according to the principle of collective defense and the concept of collective security, as stated in the GCC Charter and the Mutual Defense Agreement. It affirmed that the security of the Council's countries is a fundamental element of Arab national security, in accordance with the Charter of the Arab League. The Council also reiterated its rejection of foreign interventions in Arab countries from any party.

The Situation in Gaza:

35. The Supreme Council condemned the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip and affirmed the Council's solidarity with the Palestinian people during the current developments in Gaza and its surroundings. It called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and Israeli military operations, ensuring the provision of all humanitarian and relief aid, meeting basic needs, resuming the supply of electricity and water, and allowing the entry of fuel, food, and medicine to the people of Gaza. The Council called on international organisations to participate in these efforts and demanded an end to the illegal Israeli blockade, which violates UN Security Council Resolution 2417 of May 24, 2018, condemning the unlawful prevention of humanitarian aid delivery and the use of starvation of civilians as a prohibited method under international humanitarian law.

36. The Supreme Council directed the relevant authorities in the Council's member states to swiftly implement the outcomes of the "Extraordinary Arab-Islamic Summit on the Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people," which was held in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on November 11, 2023.

37. The Supreme Council welcomed the decision of the United Nations General Assembly during its Tenth Emergency Special Session held on October 27, 2023, regarding an immediate, permanent, and sustainable humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza, leading to the cessation of hostilities, the necessity of protecting civilians, opening humanitarian corridors, and complying with international humanitarian law. The Council commended the countries that voted in favour of the resolution.

38. The Supreme Council emphasised the importance of implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 2712 dated November 15, 2023, including the establishment of urgent and extended ceasefires and humanitarian corridors throughout the Gaza Strip. The Council called on all parties to abide by the resolution's implementation and urged the Secretary General of the United Nations to establish appropriate mechanisms to monitor its implementation according to its provisions. The Council also called on the Secretary General of the United Nations to work towards an immediate cessation of the Israeli aggression on Gaza to contain the war and prevent its escalation to neighboring countries.

39. The Supreme Council called for providing international protection to the Palestinian people and held Israel legally responsible for its ongoing attacks that have targeted innocent civilians, resulting in the deaths of thousands of civilians in the Gaza Strip, the majority of whom are women and children, in clear violation of international law and international humanitarian law.

40. The Supreme Council called on all parties to the conflict to protect civilians, refrain from targeting them, and adhere to international law and international humanitarian law. It demanded the release of civilian hostages and detainees, especially women, children, the sick, and the elderly.

41. The Supreme Council expressed its rejection of any justifications and excuses describing the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip as self-defense. It called on the international community to take necessary measures, within international law, to respond to the illegal practices of the Israeli government and its policy of collective punishment against the isolated population of Gaza. The Council supported the steadfastness of the Palestinian people on their land and their rejection of Israeli measures aimed at displacing or uprooting the population of Gaza.

42. The Supreme Council condemned the continuous targeting by the Israeli occupation forces of civilian infrastructure and facilities in the Gaza Strip, including hospitals, ambulances, medical crews, refugee camps, and schools, in addition to the killing of journalists.

43. The Supreme Council condemned the targeting by the Israeli occupation forces of the headquarters of the Qatari Committee for the Reconstruction of Gaza and international facilities, as an extension of the series of Israeli violations of all international laws and conventions.

44. The Supreme Council commended the aid provided by the Council's member states to the people in Gaza, including official and popular assistance, and praised the response of citizens and residents in the Council's member states to humanitarian campaigns supporting the resilience of the Palestinian people in Gaza.

45. The Supreme Council praised the efforts made by sisterly and friendly countries and international organisations to achieve a ceasefire and stop the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip, as well as to provide humanitarian assistance to the besieged residents. It emphasised the need to ensure the delivery of humanitarian and relief aid without obstacles to all parts of the Gaza Strip.

The Palestinian Issue:

46. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its firm positions regarding the centrality of the Palestinian issue, the end of Israeli occupation, and its support for the sovereignty of the Palestinian people over all the Palestinian territories occupied since June 1967. It also reaffirmed the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, the guarantee of refugee rights according to the Arab Peace Initiative and international legitimacy resolutions. The Supreme Council emphasised the need to double the efforts of the international community to resolve the conflict in a way that fulfills all the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, calling on the Security Council to issue a resolution to complete international recognition of the independent state of Palestine and its full membership in the United Nations.

47. The Supreme Council supported the initiative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the European Union, and the Arab League to revive the peace process in the Middle East in cooperation with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

48. The Supreme Council called on the international community to intervene to stop the targeting of the Palestinian presence in Jerusalem, the eviction of Palestinians from their homes in East Jerusalem, attempts to change its legal status, demographic composition, and the arrangements concerning Islamic holy sites, as well as attempts to impose Israeli sovereignty on it in clear violation of international law, international resolutions, and existing agreements on this matter. It emphasised the necessity of avoiding unilateral measures.

49. The Supreme Council condemned the decision of the Israeli government to arm Israeli settlers in the West Bank, under official and military protection and funding, which has led to the commission of further crimes against Palestinian civilians, targeting their homes, towns, properties, and sanctities.

50. The Supreme Council condemned the racist and extremist statements and speeches against the Palestinian people issued by several officials in the Israeli government, in clear violation of international humanitarian law and United Nations resolutions, including Security Council Resolution 2686 dated June 14, 2023, regarding countering hate speech and extremism to prevent the outbreak of conflicts.

51. The Supreme Council condemned the repeated incursions by officials of the Israeli authority and Israeli settlers into the courtyards of Al Aqsa Mosque, in serious violation of international law and the historical and legal status quo in Jerusalem and its sanctities, as well as the violation of the sanctity of Al Aqsa Mosque and the provocation of Muslims' feelings. It affirmed that the continuous violations and attacks on the holy sites exacerbate tension and push the situation into a continuous cycle of violence.

52. The Supreme Council appreciated the presidential statement issued by the Security Council on February 20, 2023, rejecting the dangerous trends and policies pursued by Israel in escalating settlement activity in the occupied Palestinian territories.

53. The Supreme Council expressed its rejection of any attempt to annex the settlements in the West Bank to Israel, in clear violation of the United Nations Charter, the principles of international law, and United Nations resolutions, including Security Council Resolution 2334 of 2016 and the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice in 2004, as well as the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949. It also condemned Israel's continued construction of settlement units in the occupied Palestinian territories and called on the international community to exert pressure on the Israeli authorities to reverse their settlement decisions that violate international laws and resolutions.

54. The Supreme Council commended the efforts made by Arab countries to achieve national reconciliation, restore Palestinian national unity, and achieve the interests of the Palestinian people.

55. The Supreme Council praised the generous assistance provided by the Council's member states to support the activities of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA). It called on the international community to increase its support for UNRWA in light of Israeli attacks on its facilities and enable it to continue its mission until the return of Palestinian refugees.

Counter Terrorism and Extremism:

56. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its firm positions and decisions regarding terrorism and extremism, regardless of their source. It denounced all forms and manifestations of terrorism, rejected its motives and justifications, and worked to cut off its sources of funding. It also supported international efforts to combat terrorism and emphasised that tolerance and coexistence among nations and peoples are among the most important principles and values upon which the Council's member states are built, as well as their interactions with other peoples.

57. The Supreme Council condemned and deplored the repeated burning of copies of the Holy Quran in the Hague, the Netherlands, on September 23, 2023, in Malmö, Sweden, on September 30, 2023, and in several European and other countries in recent times. It emphasised the need to respect religions and cultures and to promote the human values guaranteed by international law. It called for holding accountable those who commit acts of religious hatred and rejected all actions that seek to spread hatred and extremism.

58. The Supreme Council praised the outcomes of the international conference hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on August 13, 2023, under the theme "Engaging with Religious Affairs and Fatwa Authorities around the World." The conference aimed to strengthen solidarity and cooperation among Islamic countries in combating extremist ideas and promoting the values of tolerance and coexistence among peoples. It emphasised the noble message of spreading moderation.

59. The Supreme Council welcomed the outcomes of the extraordinary meeting of the foreign ministers of member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation on July 31, 2023, called for by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the current summit chair, and the Republic of Iraq, to discuss the repeated attacks on copies of the Holy Quran in Sweden and Denmark. It stressed the importance of consolidating the values of dialogue and respect among peoples and cultures, rejecting anything that fuel hatred and extremism, and called for international efforts to enhance these principles in all societies.

60. The Supreme Council applauded Security Council Resolution 2686 of June 14, 2023, which affirmed that hate speech, racism, racial discrimination, hostility towards foreigners, prejudice, extremism, and gender-based discrimination can contribute to the outbreak of conflicts. It urged member states to condemn violence, hate speech, incitement, and extremism.

61. The Supreme Council underlined the resolution of the United Nations Human Rights Council on July 12, 2023, on "Combating Religious Hatred that Constitutes Incitement to Discrimination, Hostility, or Violence," which condemned all forms of religious hatred, including incidents of burning and desecration of the Noble Quran. It called on countries to adopt national laws, policies, and measures to prevent and combat religious hatred and hold those responsible accountable.

62. The Supreme Council commended the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly unanimously designating March 15 as an international day to combat Islamophobia, with the aim of promoting a culture of religious tolerance, dialogue, and coexistence.

63. The Supreme Council praised the outcomes of the ministerial meeting of the International Coalition to Defeat Daesh, held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on June 8, 2023. It affirmed the commitment of the Council's member states to continue their efforts within the coalition and support international and regional efforts against all terrorist organisations.

64. The Supreme Council emphasised the importance of enhancing relations between the GCC and sisterly and friendly countries. It also stressed the need to work with regional and international organisations to combat the phenomenon of terrorism and extremism and their serious impacts and repercussions on the region, as well as their threat to international peace and security.

65. The Supreme Council condemned the continued foreign support for terrorist groups and sectarian militias in the Middle East, which threaten Arab national security, destabilise the region, and hinder international efforts to combat terrorism, particularly the efforts of the international coalition to fight against Daesh. 

Iranian Occupation of the Three Islands Belonging to the United Arab Emirates:

66. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its firm positions and previous decisions regarding the condemnation of Iran's continued occupation of the three islands (Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa) belonging to the United Arab Emirates, reiterating the following:

a. Support for the sovereignty rights of the United Arab Emirates over its three islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa, as well as its territorial waters, airspace, continental shelf, and exclusive economic zone of the three islands as an integral part of the United Arab Emirates' territory.

b. Considering any decisions, practices, or actions undertaken by Iran on the three islands as null and void and not altering the historical and legal facts that affirm the United Arab Emirates' sovereignty rights over its three islands.

c. Calling on Iran to respond to the United Arab Emirates' efforts to resolve the issue through direct negotiations or resorting to the International Court of Justice.

Dorra Field:

67. The Supreme Council affirmed that the entire Dorra Field is located within the maritime areas of the State of Kuwait. The ownership of the natural resources in the submerged area adjacent to the Saudi-Kuwaiti divided zone, including the entire Dorra Field, is jointly owned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of Kuwait only. They alone have full rights to exploit the natural resources in that area, in accordance with the provisions of international law and based on the existing agreements between them. The Supreme Council firmly rejects any claims of rights by any other party in this field or the submerged area adjacent to the defined boundaries between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of Kuwait.

Iran:

68. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its firm positions and decisions regarding the relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran, emphasising the need for Iran to adhere to the principles and fundamental foundations based on the United Nations Charter, international law treaties, principles of good neighborliness, respect for state sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful dispute resolution, and the rejection of sectarianism.

69. The Supreme Council welcomed the agreement reached between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran in Beijing on March 10, 2023, initiated by His Excellency President Xi Jinping of China. The agreement includes the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries, reopening their missions, activating the security cooperation agreement and the economic cooperation agreement between them. The Council expressed hope that this agreement would be a positive step towards resolving disputes and ending all regional conflicts through dialogue, diplomatic means, establishing relations between countries based on understanding, mutual respect, good neighborliness, respect for sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and adherence to the United Nations Charter, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and international laws and norms.

70. The Supreme Council commended the efforts of the Sultanate of Oman and the Republic of Iraq for hosting the Saudi-Iranian dialogue rounds during the years 2021-2022, as well as the efforts of the People's Republic of China for sponsoring and hosting the talks that led to the agreement to resume Saudi-Iranian diplomatic relations. The Council looks forward to this step that contributes to enhancing security and peace in the region.

71. The Supreme Council expressed concern about the developments in the Iranian nuclear file, reaffirming its readiness to cooperate and effectively deal with this issue. It emphasises the need for the Council's member states to participate in all regional and international negotiations, discussions, and meetings concerning this matter. These negotiations should address, in addition to the Iranian nuclear programme, all security concerns of the GCC member states, including ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, drones, international navigation safety, and oil facilities. This would contribute to achieving common objectives and interests within the framework of respecting sovereignty, good neighborly policies, and compliance with international and legitimate decisions to ensure the promotion of regional and international security and stability.

72. The Supreme Council emphasised the importance of Iran's commitment not to exceed the uranium enrichment levels required for peaceful uses and the necessity of fulfilling its obligations and fully cooperating with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

73. The Supreme Council stressed the importance of maintaining maritime security and waterways in the region and countering activities that threaten the security and stability of the region and the world. This includes targeting commercial vessels, threatening maritime navigation routes and international trade, as well as oil facilities in the member states.

Yemen:

74. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its full support for the Presidential Council led by His Excellency Dr Rashad Mohammed Al Alimi, and the supporting entities, to achieve security and stability in Yemen and reach a political solution in accordance with the GCC Initiative and its executive mechanism, the outcomes of the Comprehensive National Dialogue Conference, and UN Security Council Resolution 2216, in order to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, and independence of the sisterly Yemen.

75. The Supreme Council welcomed the continued sincere efforts made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, and the ongoing communications with all Yemeni parties to revive the political process, leading to a comprehensive and sustainable political solution in Yemen. It emphasised the importance of ceasefire, the positive engagement of the Houthi group with international and UN efforts to end the Yemeni crisis, and the serious consideration of peace initiatives and efforts to alleviate the suffering of the Yemeni people.

76. The Supreme Council renewed its support for the United Nations' efforts led by its Special Envoy to Yemen, Hans Grundberg, and the efforts of the US Special Envoy to Yemen, Mr. Tim Lenderking, to reach a political solution in accordance with the three references. It commended the Yemeni government's commitment to renewing the humanitarian ceasefire declared by the United Nations in Yemen. It also welcomed the announcement made by the UN Special Envoy on March 21, 2023, regarding an agreement reached between the Yemeni government and the Houthi militia to exchange 887 prisoners, in implementation of the agreement reached between the two sides in Stockholm in December 2018. It called for international pressure on the Houthis to lift the siege on the city of Taiz and open humanitarian crossings, as stipulated in the UN ceasefire, while appreciating the efforts of the UN Secretary General's Special Envoy to Yemen in renewing the ceasefire in line with the Saudi Arabian initiative announced in March 2021 to end the crisis in Yemen, stop the fighting, and achieve a comprehensive political solution. The Supreme Council urged the UN Special Envoy to take a firm stance against the practices of the Houthis that contradict the efforts of the United Nations and regional countries to bring peace to Yemen.

77. The Supreme Council welcomed the issuance of UN Security Council Resolution 2707 on November 14, 2023, which reaffirmed the commitment to the unity, sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Yemen, renewed the measures imposed under UN Security Council Resolution 2140, extended the freezing of assets and travel ban measures in Yemen until November 15, 2024, and renewed the mandate of the Panel of Experts until December 15, 2024. It also reaffirmed the provisions of UN Security Council Resolution 2216.

78. The Supreme Council welcomed the decisions of the Arab League Summit (32nd Ordinary Session) and the Jeddah Declaration on May 19, 2023, which renewed the commitment to support everything that ensures the security and stability of the Republic of Yemen and fulfills the aspirations of the Yemeni people.

79. The Supreme Council commended the announcement by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to provide economic support to the Republic of Yemen with a value of 1.2 billion dollars, in response to the request of the Yemeni government to assist in addressing its current budget deficit, supporting salaries, wages, operational expenses, and ensuring food security in Yemen. It also hailed the projects and vital development programmes implemented by the Saudi Programme for Development and Reconstruction of Yemen, which included 229 developmental projects and initiatives in 7 key sectors, namely education, health, water, energy, transportation, agriculture, fisheries, and capacity-building of government institutions, in addition to developmental programs.

80. The Supreme Council commended the announcement by the United Arab Emirates of its support for recovery and rehabilitation projects for the current year, with a total of $325 million targeting the healthcare, renewable energy, and agriculture sectors. Qatar pledged to establish 10 mobile schools to support student education in Yemen and signed an agreement worth €10 million to expand the youth entrepreneurship and financial inclusion project. Kuwait also announced the provision of three additional grants worth $5 million through the Kuwaiti Arab Economic Development Fund, aiming to support infrastructure sectors, economic recovery programmes, and improve Yemeni port facilities. The Supreme Council reaffirmed the importance of sisterly and friendly countries participating in providing economic, humanitarian, and developmental support to the Republic of Yemen, to alleviate the suffering of the Yemeni people.

81. The Supreme Council commended the achievements of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid & Relief Centre and the humanitarian support provided by the Coordination Office for Relief and Humanitarian Aid from the Cooperation Council for the Arab Republic of Yemen. It also praised the humanitarian and developmental assistance provided by all member states of the council to Yemen. The Council acknowledged the efforts of the Saudi Project for Landmine Clearance (MASAM) in clearing Yemeni lands from mines, unexploded ordnance, and improvised explosive devices, having successfully removed over 420,823 mines and cleared 51,082,121 square meters of land in Yemen. These landmines and unexploded ordnance, randomly planted by the Houthi militias, have caused casualties among innocent children, women, and the elderly.

82. The Supreme Council condemned the treacherous terrorist attack carried out by the Houthi militias, targeting the Bahrain Defense Force contingent participating in the "Operation Restoring Hope" on the southern borders of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, resulting in the martyrdom of several brave soldiers and the injury of others. The Council expressed its full support and solidarity with the Kingdom of Bahrain. It reiterated its call for an immediate halt to the continued flow of weapons to these militias and the prevention of their export to Yemen, ensuring compliance with United Nations resolutions.

83. The Supreme Council condemned the continued foreign interventions in the internal affairs of Yemen and the smuggling of military experts and weapons to the Houthi militias, in clear violation of Security Council resolutions 2216, 2231, and 2624. The Council commended the announcement by the security authorities in Al Mahrah Governorate, referring 16 suspects involved in arms and drug smuggling to the specialised prosecution in Hadhramaut Governorate. It also acknowledged the announcement by the Yemeni Coast Guard on January 11, 2023, regarding the seizure of a ship smuggling over two thousand weapons, intercepted by a ship operating in the area under the command of the U.S. Fifth Fleet.

84. The Supreme Council welcomed the United Nations' announcement of the withdrawal of 1.1 million barrels of crude oil from the floating storage vessel "Safer." It urged the United Nations to expedite the completion of all remaining work to address the situation of the "Safer" tanker. The Council commended the efforts of His Excellency the Secretary General of the United Nations, António Guterres, and the UN team involved in this operation. It expressed appreciation for the generous financial support provided by donor countries to fund this operation, including contributions from member states of the council, with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia contributing $18 million, Qatar contributing $3 million, and Kuwait contributing $2 million.

Morocco:

85. The Supreme Council affirmed the importance of the strategic partnership between the Cooperation Council and the brotherly Kingdom of Morocco, the implementation of the joint action plan, and its firm supportive positions and decisions regarding the Moroccan Sahara, and the protection of the security and stability of the Kingdom of Morocco and its territorial integrity. The Council commended the decision of the Security Council, Resolution 2703, issued on October 30, 2023, regarding the Moroccan Sahara.

86. The Supreme Council congratulated the Kingdom of Morocco on the occasion of the approval by the FIFA of the joint bid of Morocco, alongside Spain and Portugal, to host the 2030 FIFA World Cup.

Iraq:

87. The Supreme Council affirmed its steadfast positions and decisions towards the brotherly Iraq, and its support for the ongoing efforts to combat terrorism and achieve security and stability in Iraq. It emphasised the importance of protecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq, its full sovereignty, Arab-Islamic identity, social fabric, and national unity, as well as supporting Iraq in facing terrorist groups and armed militias, in order to uphold the state's sovereignty and enforce the law.

88. The Supreme Council praised the positive and growing partnership between the Cooperation Council and Iraq, and the emphasis on advancing the electricity interconnection project to link Iraq with the electricity grid of the Council's countries, in order to achieve greater integration and interdependence between Iraq and the Council's countries, and to promote their mutual interests and pave the way for further cooperation in the future.

89. The Supreme Council condemned all terrorist acts targeting the Republic of Iraq, which target civilians and Iraqi security forces. It reaffirmed the Cooperation Council's solidarity with Iraq in the fight against terrorism and extremism, and its condemnation of all external attacks on the Republic of Iraq. It stressed the need to respect Iraq's sovereignty and regional integrity, and affirmed the united stance of the Council's countries alongside the brotherly Iraq.

90. The Supreme Council emphasised the importance of Iraq's respect for the sovereignty of the State of Kuwait and the unity of its territories, and compliance with bilateral and international commitments and all relevant United Nations resolutions, particularly Security Council Resolution 833 (1993) regarding the demarcation of the Kuwaiti-Iraqi land and maritime borders. The Supreme Council called on the Republic of Iraq to work diligently to complete the demarcation of the maritime borders between the two countries beyond Maritime Boundary Marker 162. It also called on the government of the Republic of Iraq to adhere to the Maritime Navigation Agreement in the Khor Abdullah, signed between the State of Kuwait and the Republic of Iraq on April 29, 2012, which entered into force on December 5, 2013, after being ratified by the Kuwaiti and Iraqi parliaments and jointly deposited with the United Nations on December 18, 2013. The Supreme Council expressed its complete rejection of the content of the ruling of the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court in this regard, as well as its rejection of the historical fallacies contained in the ruling, and considered any unilateral decisions, practices, or actions taken by the Republic of Iraq regarding the Khor Abdullah Agreement as null and void. Additionally, it rejected the unilateral Iraqi measure to cancel the implementation of the 2008 Security Exchange Protocol and its approved map in the Joint Plan for Ensuring Safety of Navigation in Khor Abdullah, signed between the two sides on December 28, 2014, which included clear and specific mechanisms for amendment and cancellation.

91. The Supreme Council reiterated its support for Security Council Resolution 2107 (2013), which tasked the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and the head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) with enhancing, supporting, and facilitating efforts related to the search for missing Kuwaitis and citizens of third countries, determining their fate or returning their remains within the framework of the Tripartite Committee and its subsidiary Technical Sub-Committee under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross. It emphasised the importance of the Security Council's continued monitoring of the file concerning the issue of missing Kuwaitis and citizens of third countries through the preparation of periodic reports presented by the Secretary General of the United Nations on the latest developments in this ongoing humanitarian issue and the efforts undertaken by the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in this regard, in accordance with paragraph 4 of Security Council Resolution 2017 (2013). It called upon the Republic of Iraq and the United Nations to exert maximum efforts to reach a final solution to all these outstanding issues and files.

Syria:

92. The Supreme Council reaffirmed its steadfast positions regarding the preservation of the unity of the Syrian Arab Republic's territories, respect for its independence and sovereignty over its lands, rejection of regional interventions in its internal affairs, support for the United Nations' efforts to reach a political solution in Syria in line with Security Council Resolution 2254, support for the efforts of its Special Envoy for Syria, Geir O. Pedersen, and support for the efforts to care for Syrian refugees and displaced persons, and work towards their voluntary and safe return to Syria in accordance with international standards, and rejection of any attempts to bring about demographic changes in Syria.

93. The Supreme Council welcomed the statement issued by meeting of the Arab Liaison Committee on the Syrian crisis, which was held on August 15, 2023, emphasising the importance of settling the Syrian crisis and addressing its political, security, and humanitarian repercussions, the return of the abducted and missing persons, and combating drugs, in light of the commitments outlined in the Amman Statement dated May 1, 2023. The Council also expressed its anticipation for the resumption of the work of the Syrian Constitutional Committee.

94. The Supreme Council welcomed the announcement by the United Nations and the Syrian government regarding an agreement reached on August 7, 2023, concerning the delivery of humanitarian aid through the Bab Al Hawa crossing for a period of six months, underlining the importance of continuing the delivery of humanitarian aid and alleviating the suffering of the Syrian people.

Lebanon:

95. The Supreme Council affirmed the GCC's consistent positions in support of the brotherly Lebanese people, and its continuous support for Lebanon's sovereignty, security, and stability, as well as the Lebanese Armed Forces that protect its borders and counter the threats of extremist and terrorist groups. It underscored the importance of implementing comprehensive political and economic structural reforms that would enable Lebanon to overcome its political and economic crises and prevent it from becoming a launching pad for terrorists, drug trafficking, or other criminal activities that threaten the security and stability of the region. It stressed the importance of the Lebanese government asserting control over all Lebanese territories, including the implementation of relevant Security Council resolutions and the Taif Agreement, in order to exercise its full sovereignty, ensuring that no weapons exist without the approval of the Lebanese government and that no authority exists other than its own.

96. The Council welcomed the joint statement issued by the Second Meeting of the Quintet Group on Lebanon, held on July 17, 2023, with the participation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the State of Qatar, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United States of America, and the French Republic. It emphasised the importance of expediting the presidential elections and implementing the necessary economic reforms to fulfill the responsibilities of the Lebanese government towards its citizens. The Council valued the efforts of friends and partners of Lebanon in restoring and enhancing trust and cooperation between Lebanon and the GCC countries, as well as their support for the role of the Lebanese Army and internal security forces in maintaining the security of Lebanon.

97. The Council praised the initiative by the State of Qatar to provide the Lebanese Army with fuel for a period of six months, worth 30 million dollars, as part of Qatar's commitment to supporting the institutions of the Lebanese Republic and standing by the Lebanese people.

Libya:

98. The Supreme Council affirmed the firm positions and decisions regarding the Libyan crisis, reiterating its keenness to preserve the interests of the brotherly Libyan people, to achieve security, stability and development in Libya, to ensure its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, to stop interference in its internal affairs, and to remove all foreign forces and mercenaries from Libyan lands. That is in addition to supporting the efforts of the United Nations to reach a political solution, hold elections and unify state institutions, to achieve what the Libyan people aspire to, and establish the foundations of security and stability.

99. The Supreme Council expressed its sincere condolences and sincere sympathy to the families of the victims and to the government and people of the Libyan Republic, as a result of the floods that occurred in the Libyan city of Derna.

100. The Supreme Council welcomed the consensus reached by the joint committee (6+6) formed by the Libyan House of Representatives and the Supreme Council of State, during its meetings in the sisterly Kingdom of Morocco on June 6-7, 2023, regarding the laws regulating the election of the head of state and members of Parliament, as a positive and constructive step towards holding presidential and parliamentary elections.

101. The Supreme Council expressed concern about the outbreak of repeated armed clashes in Libyan territory, which threatens the security and safety of the Libyan people and undermines the stability of the country. It also affirmed the position of the Council states in support of the State of Libya, the political track, and the relevant Security Council resolutions in order to preserve its security, stability and sovereignty, and called on all parties in Libya calls for an end to the clashes in a way that ensures a halt to escalation and bloodshed, and for wisdom and reason to prevail and the adoption of political dialogue to resolve differences in a way that preserves the supreme interests of the State of Libya and achieves its people’s aspirations for development and prosperity.

Sudan:

102. The Supreme Council affirmed the firm positions and decisions of the Cooperation Council regarding the importance of preserving Sudan’s sovereignty, security, stability, and territorial integrity, and supporting Sudan in confronting the developments and repercussions of the current crisis, and the necessity of calm, giving priority to the language of dialogue, unifying ranks, alleviating the suffering of the brotherly Sudanese people, and preserving the cohesion of the state national institutions, preventing its collapse and any external interference in Sudanese affairs that would fuel the conflict and threaten regional peace and security.

103. The Supreme Council welcomed the resumption of talks between representatives of the Sudanese Armed Forces and representatives of the Rapid Support Forces, in the city of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on October 29, 2023, in order to reach a permanent cessation of hostilities and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid.

104. The Supreme Council praised the announcement of the facilitators (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United States of America, and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development “IGAD” with the African Union) dated October 29, 2023, towards a commitment to peace, giving priority to dialogue and bringing viewpoints closer between the Sudanese parties, in addition to the announcement issued on November 7. 2023, regarding the commitment of the Sudanese parties to facilitate the access of humanitarian aid, in order to reach an agreement that spares the brotherly Sudanese people the scourge of wars and conflicts, meets their aspirations, and contributes to enhancing the country’s security, stability and prosperity in all fields.

105. The Supreme Council noted the outcomes of the summit of Sudan’s neighbouring countries, which was hosted by the Arab Republic of Egypt on July 13, 2023, and supported all efforts aimed at restoring security and stability to Sudan and preserving its regional integrity.

106. The Supreme Council praised the humanitarian aid and bridges provided by the GCC countries to alleviate the suffering of the brotherly Sudanese people, and the aid provided by brotherly and friendly countries and international organisations.

Afghanistan:

107. The Supreme Council stressed the importance of restoring security and stability in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, in a way that achieves the aspirations of the brotherly Afghan people, and benefits regional and international peace and security, and the importance of ensuring women’s right to education and work, protecting minorities, and ensuring that Afghan lands are not used by any terrorist groups or exploiting Afghan territory to export drugs.

108. The Council praised the State of Qatar’s continued coordination of international efforts in Afghanistan and facilitating dialogue between the United Nations, the concerned countries and the Afghan de facto authority to ensure compliance with the Doha Agreement.

109. The Supreme Council expressed its sincere condolences and sympathy to the families of the victims and the people of the Republic of Afghanistan, as a result of the earthquake that occurred in western Afghanistan.

110. The Supreme Council condemned all terrorist operations targeting the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan that target innocent civilians and civilian facilities such as schools, places of worship and hospitals, and affirmed the solidarity of the Cooperation Council with the brotherly people of Afghanistan in fighting all terrorist organisations and enhancing security and stability in its lands.

111. The Supreme Council noted the ongoing humanitarian and relief aid provided by the GCC countries, and stressed the importance of continuing humanitarian, economic and development aid from the international community to alleviate the suffering of the Afghan people.

The Crisis between Russia and Ukraine:

112. The Supreme Council affirmed that the position of the Cooperation Council on the Russian-Ukrainian crisis is based on the principles of international law and the United Nations Charter, and the preservation of the international order based on respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of states, non-interference in their internal affairs, and non-use or threat of force.

113. The Supreme Council affirmed its support for the mediation efforts undertaken by the GCC states to resolve the crisis between Russia and Ukraine, establish a ceasefire, resolve the crisis politically, give priority to the language of dialogue, and settle the conflict through negotiations.

114. The Supreme Council praised the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s hosting of the meeting of national security advisors and representatives of a number of countries and international organisations on August 5, 2023, regarding the Ukrainian crisis, as a continuation of the initiatives and efforts undertaken by the Kingdom and its good endeavours to contribute to reaching lasting peace and mitigating the effects of the crisis and its humanitarian repercussions. 

115. The Supreme Council praised the success of the mediation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in releasing a group of prisoners and detainees from both sides. The Council also praised the success of the mediation of the State of Qatar between the two sides in the process of reuniting a number of Ukrainian children with their families in Ukraine.

116. The Supreme Council noted the humanitarian and relief aid provided by the GCC countries to Ukraine.

117. The Supreme Council stressed the importance of continuing the agreement to export grains from Russia and Ukraine via the Black Sea, and expressed support for all efforts to facilitate the export of grains and all food and humanitarian supplies to contribute to providing food security to the affected countries.

Strengthening Strategic Partnerships with other Countries and Groups:

118. The Supreme Council praised the outcomes of the joint summit between the GCC and the countries of Central Asia, which was hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the city of Jeddah on July 19, 2023, as well as the joint summit between the GCC and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which was hosted by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the city of Riyadh on October 20, 2023, and directed the rapid implementation of what was agreed upon at the two summits.

119. The Supreme Council took note of the outcomes of the strategic dialogue meetings between the GCC and a number of other countries and groups that were held this year, including ministerial meetings with the United States of America, the European Union, the Association of Caribbean Nations, the United Kingdom, and Japan, and directed the speedy implementation of what was stated in the decisions and joint action plans that were agreed upon, in a way that enhances the progress of the Cooperation Council and achieves its political and development goals regionally and internationally. The Council also directed the strengthening of partnerships with all active countries and organisations in the world.

120. The Council congratulated the Sultanate of Oman on the good organisation of the 27th session of the Joint Council between the GCC and the European Union, which was held in Muscat on October 9-10, 2023, and the success of the session in establishing a regular and organized dialogue between the Council states and the European Union in the field of regional security, as well as welcoming the adoption of the joint declaration of the European Union regarding the strategic partnership with the GCC.

121. The Supreme Council welcomed the free trade agreement signed with the initials between the GCC states and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, in preparation for its final signing, in order to strengthen the GCC’s economic relations with other countries and international blocs, and achieve common commercial and investment interests. The Council also welcomed the joint statement to resume free trade agreement negotiations with Japan.

Presidency of the 45th Session of the Cooperation Council:

122. The Supreme Council expressed its welcome that the State of Kuwait will chair its forty-fifth session, God Almighty willing.